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Andalusia: It is a region and a medieval Islamic civilization that arose in Western Europe.

The application contains the history of the Islamic civilization, which lasted more than 700 years in the country of Andalusia

The application contains

In many sections:

* Conquest of Andalusia

* Tariq bin Ziyad

* Era of rulers

* Umayyad Emirate

* Umayyad Caliphate

*Almoravids

*kings of Denominations

*Kingdom of Granada

* Almohads

*Islamic civilization

The fall of Granada

*History of Muslims

*History of Muslim Scholars

* Andalusia from the conquest to the fall of Ragheb Al-Sirjani without the net

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Andalusia or Andalusia, also known in Western popular discourse in particular, and Arab and Islamic sometimes as “Islamic Spain” or “Islamic Iberia”, is a region and medieval Islamic civilization that arose in Western Europe, specifically in the Iberian Peninsula, on the lands that are today Spain. Its glory and power during the eighth century AD extended as far as Septmania in contemporary southern France. However, the name is usually intended only to refer to the Iberian lands that were conquered by the Muslims and remained under the shadow of the Islamic caliphate and the many states and emirates that were established in their territories and separated from the central authority in Damascus and then Baghdad, from 711 AD until 1492 AD when the Andalusians fell and the Andalusians fell from the hands of the Andalusians. Including the Muslims, knowing that throughout this period its borders were changing, shrinking and then expanding, then recurring and shrinking, and so on, based on the results of the war between Muslims and the Franks.

Andalusia was divided into five administrative units after its conquest and the stability of Islamic rule in it, and these units roughly correspond to: Andalusia, the Portuguese Republic, Galicia (Galicia), and contemporary Aragon; and the region of Castile, the Kingdom of León, the County of Barcelona, ​​and the historical region of Septimania. As for the political aspect, it was initially one of the states of the Umayyad state during the time of the Caliph Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik, and after the collapse of the Umayyad state and the establishment of the Abbasid state, Abd al-Rahman bin Muawiyah, one of the Umayyad princes who survived from Sind, and founded the Abbasids. In the Emirate of Cordoba,

The history of Andalusia lasted 179 years, after which Abd al-Rahman al-Nasir al-Din Allah declared the Umayyad caliphate instead of the emirate, mostly for external political reasons. The last state eventually disintegrated into several states and emirates known as “sects”. The successive Andalusian emirates and countries were a fertile ground for dialogue and cultural exchange between Muslims, Christians and Jews on the one hand, and between Arabs, Berbers, Goths and Franks on the other. special unique. The Islamic Sharia was the main source for the judiciary and the resolution of disputes, the history of Andalusia, and the Muslims left the People of the Book, Jews and Christians, to refer to their own laws for litigation and grievance, in exchange for the tribute.

The Conquest of Andalusia book Andalusia was a beacon of science and prosperity in medieval Europe, while the rest of the continent languished in ignorance and underdevelopment, and the city of Cordoba became one of the largest and most important cities in the world, and a prominent civilizational and cultural center in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, the capital of the Mediterranean, the capital of the Mediterranean and the Islamic world Byzantine Empire. Andalusian scholars of different ethnic and religious backgrounds contributed to the advancement of various kinds of sciences in the Islamic and Christian worlds, for example: Jabir ibn Aflah in trigonometry, Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Zarqali in astronomy, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi in surgery, Ibn Zuhr in pharmacology, and others. .